# Pennyweight > Free, private tools for people with a piece of jewelry in their hand: a melt value calculator for gold, silver and platinum (weight × fineness × spot price, every step shown) and a lookup for what hallmarks and stamps mean (585, 925, 14K, GF, EPNS, UK date letters), each with its source. Everything runs in the browser. Melt value is not an appraisal. Site: https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com If you cite figures, cite the page and its listed sources. Prices shown as examples are snapshots, not live prices. The iPhone app is coming soon to the App Store. ## Pages - [Melt value calculator for gold, silver and platinum jewelry](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/): Weight in grams, pennyweight or troy ounces, the stamp (14K, 585, 925) and a spot price: the melt value with every step shown. Not an apprai ## Indexes - [Jewelry stamps and hallmarks: what 585, 925, 14K, GF and EPNS mean](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/hallmarks/): Type what is stamped on a piece of jewelry and see what it means: fineness marks, gold filled, plated, UK hallmark symbols and date letters, - [Hallmark symbols: lion passant, anchor, leopard's head, rose and more](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/): What each hallmark symbol means: UK assay office marks, Britannia, the sovereign's head, the French guarantee marks and the Vienna Conventio - [UK hallmarks: assay offices, symbols and date letters explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/): UK hallmarks explained: the assay office marks, metal symbols and date letters for London, Birmingham, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Chester and Gla - [UK hallmark date letters: find the year from the letter](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/): Type a hallmark date letter and an assay office to see its candidate years, with the cycle tables for London, Birmingham, Sheffield, Edinbur - [Jewelry look-alikes: gold, silver, diamond, jade, amber and what they get mistaken for](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/): Materials that look like other materials: what each one gets mistaken for, what to look at, and which tests settle it, including rules on iv - [Melt value calculators: 10K, 14K, 18K gold, sterling silver, platinum](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/): Melt value of gold, silver and platinum jewelry by weight and stamp. One page per fineness, each with a calculator that shows every step. ## Stamps - [What does 333 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/333/): 333: 333 parts per thousand gold (8 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 375 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/375/): 375: 375 parts per thousand gold (9 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 417 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/417/): 417: 417 parts per thousand gold (10 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 585 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/585/): 585: 585 parts per thousand gold (14 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 625 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/625/): 625: 625 parts per thousand gold (15 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 750 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/750/): 750: 750 parts per thousand gold (18 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 800 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/800/): 800: 800 parts per thousand silver or 800 parts per thousand gold. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with - [What does 830 mean on jewelry? Silver stamp explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/830/): 830: 830 parts per thousand silver. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 835 mean on jewelry? Silver stamp explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/835/): 835: 835 parts per thousand silver. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 875 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/875/): 875: 875 parts per thousand silver or 875 parts per thousand gold (21 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-val - [What does 900 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/900/): 900: 900 parts per thousand silver or 900 parts per thousand gold or 900 parts per thousand platinum. Fineness, karat, where the standard is - [What does 916 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/916/): 916: 916 parts per thousand gold (22 karat). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 925 mean on jewelry? Silver stamp explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/925/): 925: 925 parts per thousand silver. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 935 mean on jewelry? Silver stamp explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/935/): 935: 935 parts per thousand silver. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 950 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/950/): 950: 950 parts per thousand platinum or 950 parts per thousand silver or 950 parts per thousand palladium. Fineness, karat, where the standa - [What does 958 mean on jewelry? Silver stamp explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/958/): 958: 958 parts per thousand silver. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 999 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/999/): 999: 999 parts per thousand gold (24 karat) or 999 parts per thousand silver or 999 parts per thousand platinum or 999 parts per thousand pa - [What does 8K mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/8k/): 8 karat gold (333 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 9ct mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/9ct/): 9 karat gold (375 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 10K mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/10k/): 10 karat gold (417 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 14K mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/14k/): 14 karat gold (585 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 14KP mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/14kp/): 14 karat gold (585 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 15ct mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/15ct/): 15 karat gold (625 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 18K mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/18k/): 18 karat gold (750 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 22K mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/22k/): 22 karat gold (916 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does 24K mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/24k/): 24 karat gold (999 parts per thousand). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does STERLING mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/sterling/): Sterling silver, 925. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does COIN mean on jewelry? Silver stamp explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/coin/): Coin silver: 900 silver (US). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does PT950 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/pt950/): 950 platinum. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does PLAT mean on jewelry? Platinum stamp explained](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/plat/): 950 platinum (unqualified "platinum" requires 950 in the US). Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a ca - [What does IRIDPLAT mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/iridplat/): Iridium platinum (usually 900 platinum, 100 iridium), an American mark of c. 1910-1950. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and th - [What does PD950 mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/pd950/): 950 palladium. Fineness, karat, where the standard is legal, and the melt-value sum with a calculator. - [What does GF mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/gf/): Gold filled: a gold layer mechanically bonded to base metal; in the US, at least 1/20 of the weight in 10 karat gold or better. What the sta - [What does 1/20 12K GF mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/1-20-12k-gf/): Gold filled: a gold layer mechanically bonded to base metal; in the US, at least 1/20 of the weight in 10 karat gold or better. What the sta - [What does RGP mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/rgp/): Rolled gold plate: a gold layer rolled onto base metal, thinner than gold filled; the marked fraction is the actual one. What the stamp says - [What does GP mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/gp/): Gold plated (GP, GEP, HGE: electroplate): a layer microns thick over base metal. What the stamp says, what it does not, and why melt value i - [What does HGE mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/hge/): Gold plated (GP, GEP, HGE: electroplate): a layer microns thick over base metal. What the stamp says, what it does not, and why melt value i - [What does GEP mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/gep/): Gold plated (GP, GEP, HGE: electroplate): a layer microns thick over base metal. What the stamp says, what it does not, and why melt value i - [What does 18K GP mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/18k-gp/): Gold plated (GP, GEP, HGE: electroplate): a layer microns thick over base metal. What the stamp says, what it does not, and why melt value i - [What does VERMEIL mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/vermeil/): Vermeil: sterling silver with a gold layer (in the US, at least 10 karat and 2.5 microns). What the stamp says, what it does not, and why me - [What does EPNS mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/epns/): Silver plate over base metal (EPNS = electroplated nickel silver): not solid silver.. What the stamp says, what it does not, and why melt va - [What does ALPACA mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/alpaca/): An alloy with no precious metal, whatever the name says (alpaca, nickel silver, German silver: copper, nickel and zinc). What it is and why - [What does NICKEL SILVER mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/nickel-silver/): An alloy with no precious metal, whatever the name says (alpaca, nickel silver, German silver: copper, nickel and zinc). What it is and why - [What does 1/20 10K GF mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/1-20-10k-gf/): Gold filled: a gold layer mechanically bonded to base metal; in the US, at least 1/20 of the weight in 10 karat gold or better. What the sta - [What does 1/20 14K GF mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/1-20-14k-gf/): Gold filled: a gold layer mechanically bonded to base metal; in the US, at least 1/20 of the weight in 10 karat gold or better. What the sta - [What does 1/10 10K GF mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/1-10-10k-gf/): Gold filled: a gold layer mechanically bonded to base metal; in the US, at least 1/20 of the weight in 10 karat gold or better. What the sta - [What does 1/10 12K GF mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/1-10-12k-gf/): Gold filled: a gold layer mechanically bonded to base metal; in the US, at least 1/20 of the weight in 10 karat gold or better. What the sta - [What does 1/10 14K GF mean on jewelry? Plated vs solid](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/1-10-14k-gf/): Gold filled: a gold layer mechanically bonded to base metal; in the US, at least 1/20 of the weight in 10 karat gold or better. What the sta ## Stamps with a country - [What does 925 ITALY mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/925-italy/): 925: 925 parts per thousand silver. ITALY is a country-of-origin mark. What each part of the stamp says. - [What does 14K ITALY mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/14k-italy/): 14 karat gold (585 parts per thousand). ITALY is a country-of-origin mark. What each part of the stamp says. - [What does 750 ITALY mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/750-italy/): 750: 750 parts per thousand gold (18 karat). ITALY is a country-of-origin mark. What each part of the stamp says. - [What does 585 ITALY mean on jewelry?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/marks/585-italy/): 585: 585 parts per thousand gold (14 karat). ITALY is a country-of-origin mark. What each part of the stamp says. ## Hallmark symbols - [What does the lion passant hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/lion-passant/): Lion passant: sterling silver (925) assayed in England. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the Britannia hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/britannia/): Britannia: 958 silver. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the leopard head hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/leopard-head/): Leopard's head: London Assay Office. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the anchor hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/anchor/): Anchor: Birmingham Assay Office (from 1773; gold from 1824). Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the rose hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/rose/): Rose: Sheffield Assay Office (on gold from 1904; on all metals from 1975). Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other m - [What does the castle hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/castle/): Castle: Edinburgh Assay Office (a three-towered castle is also the mark of Exeter, closed 1883). Where it is used, since when, and how to re - [What does the crown hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/crown/): Crown: on British gold it accompanies the carat figure (18 from 1798, 22 from 1844); on silver before 1975 it is the Sheffield town mark. Wh - [What does the orb hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/orb/): Orb and cross: platinum hallmarked in the UK. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the sovereign head hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/sovereign-head/): Sovereign's head: duty mark. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the eagle head hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/eagle-head/): Eagle's head: French guarantee for gold, at least 750 (18 karat). Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the Minerva hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/minerva/): Minerva head: French guarantee for silver; with "1", 950 until 1973 and 925 after; with "2", 800. Where it is used, since when, and how to r - [What does the dog head hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/dog-head/): Dog's head: French guarantee for platinum (850 to 950). Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other marks. - [What does the owl hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/owl/): Owl: gold of at least 750, of foreign or uncertain origin, marked in France. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the other - [What does the swan hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/swan/): Swan: silver of at least 800, of foreign or uncertain origin, marked in France. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it with the ot - [What does the scales 750 hallmark mean?](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/symbols/scales-750/): Scales: Common Control Mark of the Vienna Convention; the figure inside is the fineness. Where it is used, since when, and how to read it wi ## Melt value calculators - [8K gold melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/8k-gold/): Melt value of 8K gold by weight: 0.333 g of fine gold per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step show - [9K gold melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/9k-gold/): Melt value of 9K gold by weight: 0.375 g of fine gold per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step show - [10K gold melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/10k-gold/): Melt value of 10K gold by weight: 0.417 g of fine gold per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step sho - [14K gold melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/14k-gold/): Melt value of 14K gold by weight: 0.585 g of fine gold per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step sho - [18K gold melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/18k-gold/): Melt value of 18K gold by weight: 0.75 g of fine gold per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step show - [22K gold melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/22k-gold/): Melt value of 22K gold by weight: 0.916 g of fine gold per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step sho - [24K gold melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/24k-gold/): Melt value of 24K gold by weight: 0.999 g of fine gold per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step sho - [Sterling silver 925 melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/925-sterling-silver/): Melt value of sterling silver 925 by weight: 0.925 g of fine silver per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; e - [800 silver melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/800-silver/): Melt value of 800 silver by weight: 0.8 g of fine silver per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every step s - [Fine silver 999 melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/999-fine-silver/): Melt value of fine silver 999 by weight: 0.999 g of fine silver per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every - [Platinum 950 melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/950-platinum/): Melt value of platinum 950 by weight: 0.95 g of fine platinum per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every s - [Palladium 950 melt value calculator: grams, dwt, oz t](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/melt-value/950-palladium/): Melt value of palladium 950 by weight: 0.95 g of fine palladium per gram. Enter grams, pennyweight or troy ounces and your spot price; every ## UK date letters - [London hallmark date letters, 1776 to 2026: year by letter](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/london/): London assay office date letters 1776–2026: every cycle, its letters and styles, and how to turn a letter into a year. - [Birmingham hallmark date letters, 1773 to 2026: year by letter](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/birmingham/): Birmingham assay office date letters 1773–2026: every cycle, its letters and styles, and how to turn a letter into a year. - [Sheffield hallmark date letters, 1799 to 2026: year by letter](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/sheffield/): Sheffield assay office date letters 1799–2026: every cycle, its letters and styles, and how to turn a letter into a year. - [Edinburgh hallmark date letters, 1806 to 2026: year by letter](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/edinburgh/): Edinburgh assay office date letters 1806–2026: every cycle, its letters and styles, and how to turn a letter into a year. - [Chester hallmark date letters, 1839 to 1962: year by letter](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/chester/): Chester assay office date letters 1839–1962: every cycle, its letters and styles, and how to turn a letter into a year. - [Glasgow hallmark date letters, 1819 to 1963: year by letter](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/glasgow/): Glasgow assay office date letters 1819–1963: every cycle, its letters and styles, and how to turn a letter into a year. ## Guides - [Dating jewelry by construction: clasps, settings, cuts and materials](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/dating/): Which clasps, settings, stone cuts, techniques and materials appear when: a table of not-before dates and typical years, with sources and wh ## Look-alikes - [Diamond: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/diamond/): Diamond is often confused with moissanite, cubic zirconia, white sapphire. What to look at and which tests settle it. - [Lapis lazuli: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/lapis-lazuli/): Lapis lazuli is often confused with sodalite, dyed howlite or jasper, blue glass ("Swiss lapis" is dyed jasper). What to look at and which t - [Turquoise: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/turquoise/): Turquoise is often confused with dyed howlite or magnesite, reconstituted or stabilised turquoise, glass and plastic. What to look at and wh - [Amber: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/amber/): Amber is often confused with copal (young resin), pressed amber, Bakelite and other plastics. What to look at and which tests settle it. - [Jet: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/jet/): Jet is often confused with vulcanite, black glass ("French jet"), bog oak. What to look at and which tests settle it. - [Pearl: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/pearl/): Pearl is often confused with glass beads with pearl essence, plastic, shell pearl ("Majorica"). What to look at and which tests settle it. - [Jade: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/jade/): Jade is often confused with serpentine ("new jade"), aventurine, chrysoprase, dyed quartz, treated jadeite (B and C types). What to look at - [Coral: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/coral/): Coral is often confused with dyed bamboo coral, impregnated sponge coral, glass, plastic, dyed shell. What to look at and which tests settle - [Ivory: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/ivory/): Ivory is often confused with bone, vegetable ivory (tagua), celluloid ("French ivory"). What to look at and which tests settle it. - [Tortoiseshell: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/tortoiseshell/): Tortoiseshell is often confused with dyed horn, celluloid and acetate. What to look at and which tests settle it. - [Ruby, sapphire, emerald: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/ruby-sapphire-emerald/): Ruby, sapphire, emerald is often confused with synthetic (Verneuil, from 1902), spinel and garnet, doublets and glass. What to look at and w - [Gold: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/gold/): Gold is often confused with plated and gold filled, pinchbeck and gilt brass, silver gilt (vermeil). What to look at and which tests settle - [Silver: what it gets mistaken for and how to tell](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/look-alikes/silver/): Silver is often confused with silver plate (EPNS), alpaca, nickel silver, white gold and platinum. What to look at and which tests settle it ## About - [Method: how Pennyweight reads stamps and calculates melt value](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/method/): How the stamp tables, date letters and the melt-value sum work, which sources they come from, what is checked and what is not, and what the - [Sources and references](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/sources/): Every statute, convention text, assay office table and reference behind the stamp tables, date letters and melt-value arithmetic on this sit - [Privacy policy](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/privacy/): What the Pennyweight app and this website do with your data: no accounts, photos analysed but not stored on our server, no cookies and no tr - [Terms of use](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/terms/): Terms for the Pennyweight app and website: not an appraisal, melt value is arithmetic, subscriptions, liability and governing law. - [Support and contact](https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/support/): Get help with the Pennyweight app or this website: contact, subscriptions, privacy requests, corrections and who publishes it. ## Optional 156 pages, one per assay office and date letter, listed in https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/sitemap.xml (starting at https://pennyweight.joseluissaorin.com/uk-hallmarks/date-letters/).